Biography Of Francisco Goya Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biography Of Francisco Goya - Research Paper Example In 1763, Goya was awarded a prize in the Academy of San Fernado in Madrid. He did not win, but he met an artist by the name Francisco Bayeu. Bayeu influenced Goya’s formation, and participated in Fresco painting in the Church of Virgin Villa in Zaragoza (Connell 23). His career in painting, drawing, and engravings reflected much historically made upheavals and much influenced much the 19th to 20th century painters. The family moved to a place known as Saragossa, and here his father worked as a gilder. During his childhood stage, a person influenced him by the name Luzan who was just a local painter. In 1770, he went to Italy for his studies on art. He later returned to Saragossa in the year 1771 where he painted frescoes for the local Cathedral. The work, which he did at the Cathedral, was a decorative rococo tradition, which established much of Goya’s artistic reputation. In the year 1773, Francisco Goya married a woman by the name Josefa Bayeu, a sister of Saragossa a rtist by the name Francisco Bayeu. The couple had many children, but only one son by the name Xavier who managed to survive in to adult hood (Carr-Gomm 9). Francisco was a talented Spanish painter, printmaker and termed as one of the old masters in the painting industry. Francisco De Goya started his career at the age of about fourteen years of age, and his talent and ability quickly recognized. He tried his first luck by submitting some entries to a place referred as the Royal Academy of fine arts in the year 1773 and rejected in 1774. He then decided to leave his native country, left to Rome in the year 1771 and his talent recognized and managed to win a second place in the painting competition, and secured himself an employment opportunity in designing tapestries at the Royal Tapestries Factory. Here, he managed to complete 42 patterns, used in covering the walls of the newly built palaces around Madrid making him an immediate royal audience. In 1780 to 1782, he befriended the Pr ince of Spain where they spend two summers together with his family (Connell 27). He used this chance to show the prince his paintings and portraits hence expanding his own circle of royal patrons. An occasion was set to prove his own ability being give a salaried position to work as a court painter in 1786 and 1787 respectively; officially made the first court painter where he had a chance to paint for the noble family. He managed to be getting the chance to paint for the King’s family and the Spanish nobility at large. From the year, 1775 to 1792 Goya made several designs for the Royal Tapestry in Madrid. Francisco de Goya painted sixty-three cartoons for two palaces respectively. The illness affected his whole career as a painter hence withdrawn introspectively. He started painting some paints that were of low quality in his house at Quintal del Sordo. His earlier themes seen as merry festival changed abruptly to those of cartoons and depictions of war and corpses showing clearly that those moods mixed up (Carr-Gomm 11). His legacy inspired several operas, a piano suite, and a number of featured films. His masterpieces in the field of painting include â€Å"The Naked Maja† and the â€Å"Clothed Maja†. He also painted other charming portraits like â€Å"Senora Sabasa Garcia†. Francisco Goya portrayed the beginning of the 19th century realism. In the year, 1799 Goya published the â€Å"Caprichos† which was a combination of etchings satirizing human behavior and

Past Year Question Essay Example for Free

Past Year Question Essay PART A Public Awareness is the Key to Fight Pollution Pollution in the most basic form littering of rubbish or clogged drains to that of higher level such as dumping of hazardous waste and illegal logging, is chiefly attributed to lack of public awareness, so contends Minister of Natural Resources and Environment. As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialized nations, pollution is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. No amount of law can succeed in deterring people from polluting the environment so long as they are unaware about the adverse consequences of their action, he said. Although we have come down hard on the culprits, we can never be satisfied as we keep on raising the bar by benchmarking against developed nations in the likes of Japan, Sweden and New Zealand where every citizen is fully aware of their role in environmental preservation, he adds. As for water pollution, once a source of drinking water, many rivers in Malaysia have become dumping grounds for various types of hazardous wastes. Of all natural resources, water is the most severely threatened by pollution in this country. In 2006, gypsum, oil and hydrocarbon, dross, heavy metal sludge, mineral sludge and e-waste were the main categories of waste produced in the country. Of the total wastes produced, 110,814 metric tonnes were treated and disposed at Kualiti Alam Sdn Bhd, 9,360 metric tonnes (0.8%) at Trinekens (Sarawak) Sdn Bhd and 11,364 metric tonnes were incinerated at licensed off-site facilities. Source: Malaysian Business 16/9/2007 QUESTION 1 a) As Malaysia joins the ranks of industrialised nations, pollution is fast becoming a menace that the country has to cope with. Based on your knowledge on the Materials Balance Model, explain this statement. (5 marks) Â © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 3 BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646 b) Water pollution in Malaysia is caused by point and non-point sources. What is the difference between the two? Which classification does the group of water pollution sources mentioned in the last paragraph of the article belong to? (5 marks) What type of pollution control method can be implied from paragraphs 2 and 3 in the article? Describe the method and give an example. (5 marks) Pollution is chiefly attributed to lack of public awareness. Assuming you are an environmental economist, do you agree or disagree with the statement? Elaborate. (5 marks) c) d) e) What is the difference between positive and normative economics? Suggest one sentence in the article that reflects a positive statement. (5 marks) Â © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL PARTB 4 BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646 QUESTION 1 a) What is sustainable development? Define and illustrate with an example. (5 marks) b) How is green gross domestic product (GDP) different from the traditional GDP? What are the arguments for the use of green GDP as growth indicator? (10 marks) With the help of relevant diagram, explain social welfare in the form of consumer surplus. (10 marks) c) QUESTION 2 a) What is meant by allocative efficiency? Explain. (5 marks) b) How does a deposit-refund system work in controlling domestic solid waste disposal? Explain with the assistance of a diagram. (10 marks) Define deforestation and its causes. Why is accelerated deforestation a concern in many countries? (10 marks) c) QUESTION 3 a) Describe the occurrence of global warming. (5 marks) b) What are the challenges faced by countries in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in their countries? Explain. (10 marks) Explain the efforts done at international level to reduce ozone depletion problem. (10 marks) c) Â © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL QUESTION 4 5 BM/OCT 2010/ECO656/646 a) Market failure can be associated with externalities. Define market failure and externalities. (5 marks) Explain how free-ridership leads to market failure of a public good such as clean air. (10 marks) b) c) Palm oil refineries generate social cost to society in the form of smoke and particles. Explain and model in a diagram the efficient equilibrium for palm oil in the presence of these atmospheric emissions. (10 marks) QUESTION 5 Briefly explain the following: a) b) c) d) e) Explicit and implicit environmental costs (5 marks) Coase theorem (5 marks) Environmental Kuznets curve (5 marks) Polluter-Pay-Principle (5 marks) Acid deposition (5 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER Â © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

Windows NT :: essays research papers

Windows NT Once a small and simple collection of computers run by the Defence Department, is now a massive world wide network of computers, what we call the 'Internet'. The word "Internet" literally means "network of networks." In itself, the Internet is composed of thousands of smaller local networks scattered throughout the globe. It connects roughly 15 million users in more than 50 countries a day. The World Wide Web (WWW) is mostly used on the Internet. The Web refers to a body of information, while the Internet refers to the physical side of the global network containing a large amount of cables and computers. The Internet is a 'packet-switching' computer network. When a person sends a message over the Internet, it is broken into tiny pieces, called 'packets'. These packets travel over many different routes between the computer that it is being sent from to the computer to which it is being sent to. Phone lines, either fibre-optics or copper wires ones, carry most of the data packets. Internet computers along the path switch each packet that will take it to its destination, but no two packets need to follow the same path. The Internet is designed so that packets always take the best available route at the time they are travelling. 'Routers' which are boxes of circuit boards and microchips, which do the essential task of directing and redirecting packets along the network. Much smaller boxes of circuit boards and microchips called 'modems' do the task of interpreting between the phone lines and the computer. The packets are all switched into a destination and reassembled by the destination computer. Today's Internet contains enough repetitious and interconnected circuits simply to reroute the data if any portion of the network goes down or gets overloaded. The packet-switching nature of the Internet gives it sufficient speed and flexibility to support real-time communication, such as sending messages to other people in a chat environment (IRC). Every packet is written in a particular protocol language, called TCP/IP, which stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internetworking Protocol. This protocol is the common language of the Internet, and it supports two major programs called File Transfer Protocol (FTP) and Telenet. FTP lets the transfer files from one Internet computer to another. Telnet lets a person to log into a remote computer. They have combined these two tools in complex ways to create the Internet tools such as Gopher, the World Wide Web and IRC. Some collections of phone lines and routers are larger and more powerful than others. Spirit and MCI both have each built collections of phone lines and routers that crisscross the United States and can carry large amounts of data.

The Caretaker by Pinter Essay -- essays research papers

The Caretaker by Pinter: A Play Can Be Confrontational, Challenging and Disturbing to the Values and Assumptions of An Audience. Discuss With close Reference The Caretaker, written by the British playwright Harold Pinter in the late 1950's and early 1960's disrupts the audiences perceptions of existence and their understandings of it. The play deconstructs perceived notions and conceptions of reality, and disturbs the audiences perception of their own identity and place within a world which is primarily concerned with the search and need for identity. Pinter was clearly influenced by the fashionable philosophic review of human condition that was prominent in the 1950's and 1960's – existentialism. The play attacks the notion that there are no absolute truths or realities. Pinter is therefore concerned with what exists as unknown and intangible to humanity. His theatre interrogates the truth of nature and realities of language and demonstrates that much of what the audience regards as fact is fiction as he explores the uncertainty of human existence. When an audience of the 1960's went to the theatre, it can generally be assumed that they had preconceived ideas about what they expected and what they are going to gain from the theatrical experience. The traditional attitudes towards theatre and the conventions of realist drama are disrupted by Pinter. This confronts the assumptions and values of the audience, an experience which would be disconcerting and frightening to many. Pinter divorces and exposes society's codes, institutions and human relations. Throughout the play the audience is rarely comfortable. This disruption is established from the outset of the play when Mick, a character who at this stage of the play the audience knows nothing about, sits on the bed and stares at the audience in silence for ‘30 seconds'. Traditionally in realist drama such as Henrik Ibsen's Hedda Gabler characters use simple exposition through language and non-verbal elements to ‘let the audience in' and enlighten them on what is happening on the stage and the results and reasons for and behind actions. Pinter disrupts this tradition and this in itself would have been a disturbing phenomena to the conservative audiences of post-war Britain. Mick's arrival on stage generates unease within the audience and the tension would only increase as Pinter provides the audience with... ...entity and the structure of society. This deferral of action is primarily indicated by Davies and Aston. The prime example of this is in Davies constant references to his planned trip to Sidcup and in Aston's references to the shed that he is planning to build. Through the representation of these possible future activities, it appears that it gives purpose to their current actions and to some extent a reason for living. It allows these characters to suggest that they are in fact worthwhile human beings with a purpose and a ‘life'. Pinter suggests through this deferral of actions that people's lives hold no worthwhile meaning and ultimately there is nothing gained at the point of death. The Caretaker is a subversive play that demythologises many of an audiences assumptions and values. Pinter makes the audience experience paranoia and feelings of menace and by disrupting conventions of social behaviour and ignoring traditional dramatic ‘realist' protocol, Pinter confronts and challenges the values and assumptions of an audience. He successfully deconstructs notions of power and security, and problematises the conservative belief that there are in fact absolute truths and realities.

Eating Healthily with a Busy Lifestyle Essay

Healthy eating is an essential part of a healthy lifestyle, yet it is often overlooked. As a wellness professional, it’s important to take care of your own wellness in order to maintain the right physical and mental state to help others. When hungry and busy, it’s easy to grab whatever’s closest or whatever sounds tasty at the moment. Unfortunately, the food that sounds best doesn’t always make us feel the best, and the most convenient foods are not often the healthiest. At the same time, healthy eating as a busy wellness professional does not have to become a chore. Many people end up with a misconception that healthy eating is more difficult than it actually is. It simply requires a little bit of planning and thought. The benefits of healthy eating far outweigh any extra time it requires. Written by Larry Lewis I and many others are promoting the benefits of living a healthy lifestyle, but what does that actually mean? In general, most would agree that a healthy person doesn’t smoke, is at a healthy weight, eats a balanced healthy diet, thinks positively, feels relaxed, exercises regularly, has good relationships, and benefits from a good life balance. Maybe I should start by trying to look at a few definitions for the word – lifestyle. A definition in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language says : ‘A way of life or style of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or group’. In an Encyclopedia of Public Health: Lifestyle is defined as: In public health, â€Å"lifestyle† generally means a pattern of individual practices and personal behavioural choices that are related to elevated or reduced health risk’. The World Health Organisation in 1946 defined health as ‘A complete state of mental, physical and social well-being not merely the absence of disease’. Wikipedia: defines a lifestyle as the way a person lives. This includes patterns of social relations, consumption, entertainment, and dress. A lifestyle typically also reflects an individual’s attitudes, values or worldview. A healthy lifestyle is generally characterized as a â€Å"balanced life† in which one makes â€Å"wise choices†. A final definition of lifestyle is: The aggregation of decisions by individuals which affect their health, and over which they more or less have control. What is the definition of Healthy Living? The World Health Organization (WHO), defines Health as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not simply just the absence of disease. The actual definition of Healthy Living is the steps, actions and strategies one puts in place to achieve optimum health. Healthy Living is about taking responsibility for your decisions and making smart health choices for today and for the future. So healthy living would consist of: Physical (For The Body) * Good Nutrition, Eating Right * Getting Physically Fit, Beneficial Exercise * Adequate Rest * Proper Stress Management Emotional Wellness (For The Mind) * Self-Supportive Attitudes * Positive Thoughts and Viewpoints * Positive Self-Image You Also Need to Give and Receive * Forgiveness * Love and Compassion * You Need to Laugh and Experience Happiness. * You Need Joyful Relationships With Yourself and Others. Spiritual Wellness * Inner Calmness * Openness to Your Creativity * Trust in Your Inner Knowing And all aspects of one’s self, must work in harmony to achieve wellness, so you need to create a balanced life. Why is it Important? Ahealthy lifestyle is a valuable resource for reducing the incidence and impact of health problems, for recovery, for coping with life stressors, and for improving quality of life. There is a growing body of scientific evidence that shows our lifestyles play a huge part in how healthy we are. From what we eat and drink, to how much exercise we take, and whether we smoke or take drugs, all will affect our health, not only in terms of life expectancy, but how long we can expect to live without experiencing chronic disease. Conditions such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, joint disease, and mental illness are responsible for a vast number of deaths and disabilities. Currently, we rely almost exclusively on the provision of clinical care by highly trained health professionals as our major strategy to deal with these conditions. Many health problems can be prevented or at least their occurrence postponed by having a healthy lifestyle. * Why don’t you have a healthy lifestyle? It’s a busy life for most of us. And keeping ourselves healthy is all too rarely near the top of our list of ‘things to do’. Convenience often wins – we are all so busy that convenience is at a premium. Good Health Is ’Simple – But It’s Not Easy’ It is so important to make ‘keeping healthy’ a part of our day-to-day living habits. Your health depends on what you do throughout the day, everyday. A healthy lifestyle is absolutely vital. Here is a real simple solution – slowly improve your lifestyle in a step-by-step way. If you take one new health step every two months, for example, in two to three years you will be among the healthiest ten percent of people in the Western world. And boy will you see and feel the benefits. Improvements do not have to be large steps; take one small step for your health today, keep that one going, and add another one every two months. Have a plan – maybe introduce 6 improvements over the course of a year. Can You Adopt A Healthy Lifestyle? Whatever your age, fitness level or body shape, its never too soon or too late to start thinking about living healthily. You can take a step towards healthy living by making one change now to your daily life. That won’t be so hard will it? Are You Living A Healthy Lifestyle? Do you wake up with enthusiasm for the day ahead? Do you have the high energy you need to do what you want? Do you laugh easily and often, especially at yourself? Do you confidently find solutions for the challenges in your life? Do you feel valued and appreciated? Do you appreciate others and let them know it? Do you have a circle of warm, caring friends? Do the choices you make every day get you what you want? The Components Of A Healthy Lifestyle Eating Healthily The right nutrition is necessary to live a healthy lifestyle. Your body requires a well balanced dietevery day in order to maintain the adequate amounts of vitamins, nutrients and minerals needed to maintain a healthy body. To eat is a necessity, but to eat intelligently is an art. La Rochefoucauld French Writer An Active Lifestyle You will need to include fitness as part of your life. Physical fitness keeps your weight in check, helps you sleep better at night, prevents heart attacks and strokes and other health problems, and generally prolongs your life. Basically there are so many benefits of exercising that you really can’t live a full life without it. Those who think they have not time for bodily exercise will sooner or later have to find time for illness. Edward Stanley Earl of Derby Stress Management Emotional stress plays an important role in many illnesses, both directly and indirectly. People are also more likely to smoke, overeat, drink too much, work too hard, argue with others and so on, when they are feeling stressed. Thus, stress management is an important part of your new lifestyle, and meditation and relaxation techniques are truly a key part of living a healthy lifestyle. Diseases of the soul are more dangerous and more numerous than those of the body. Marcus Tullius Cicero Roman Philosopher Make Friends With Yourself Loving yourself is a key to a healthy, happy lifestyle. Self-esteem is all about how much people value themselves; the pride they feel in themselves, and how worthwhile they feel. Self-esteem is important because feeling good about yourself can affect how you act. The power of love to change bodies is legendary, built into folklore, common sense, and everyday experience. Love moves the flesh, it pushes matter around†¦ Throughout history, â€Å"tender loving care† has uniformly been recognized as a valuable element in healing. Larry Dossey Physician Powering Up Your Mind And Body Programme your mind for total success. Develop a vision, a compelling future that excites and inspires you, and focus on it daily. Don’t let anything knock you of course, or make you question its possibility. I promise you, by taking control of your thoughts, you will improve your life in a big way. In minds crammed with thoughts, organs clogged with toxins, and bodies stiffened with neglect, there is just no space for anything else. Alison Rose Levy Journalist Life Balance If you want to achieve a healthy lifestyle you must take steps to ensure you maintain a certain level of balance†¦ spiritually, physically, emotionally, socially, mentally and financially. You need to balance work and family, and all the other areas of your life without spreading yourself too thin and having a guilt trip when you do one thing, but think you should be doing another. All of the key areas of our lives overlap and interlink, effecting each other. Unless we create for ourselves satisfaction in each and every part of our life, we can never truly be fulfilled, or live a contented, happy and healthy life. No success in public life can compensate for failure in the home. Benjamin Disraeli British Prime Minister Being Healthy is so important. Just change one thing in your life today. Have a healthy lifebeginning now. Living a healthy lifestyle will bring you happiness, health and the life of your dreams. You can fit into your favourite pair of jeans again. You can enjoy all the benefits that perfect health offers you. You can feel your best at all times of the day. I have spent over ten years working in the area of personal development and in helping others to achieve their potential. It is the belief that everyone should be helped and encouraged to reach their full potential that motivates me in my work as a coach and blogger. I’m passionate about this because I have seen its effects in my own life and the lives of others. I am 100% committed to making the difference, and I pray this is obvious to you through my blog. Life Coaching with Larry I hope this article has helped you in some way today. If you have ended up asking yourself more questions instead of getting questions answered then maybe I can help you. Take up my free 30 minute session to see if life coaching is for you. Does this sound familiar? * In midlife transition and lost the spark and direction? * Looking for more clarity, meaning and joy? * Feeling stuck or confused about your future? * Want to do more, be more, achieve more? https://www.healthylifestylesliving.com/health/healthy-lifestyle/what-is-a-healthy-lifestyle/ https://www.healthylifestylesliving.com/health/healthy-lifestyle/what-is-a-healthy-lifestyle/ https://www.healthylifestylesliving.com/health/healthy-lifestyle/what-is-a-healthy- https://www.healthylifestylesliving.com/health/healthy-lifestyle/what-is-a-healthy-lifestyle/ https://www.healthylifestylesliving.com/health/healthy-lifestyle/what-is-a-healthy-lifestyle/ https://www.healthylifestylesliving.com/health/healthy-lifestyle/what-is-a-healthy-lifestyle/ https://www.healthylifestylesliving.com/health/healthy-lifestyle/what-is-a-healthy-lifestyle/

Strategic Planning, Learning Theory, and Training Needs Analysis Essays

Strategic Planning, Learning Theory, and Training Needs Analysis Essays Strategic Planning, Learning Theory, and Training Needs Analysis Essay Strategic Planning, Learning Theory, and Training Needs Analysis Essay Assignment One: Strategic planning, learning theory, and training needs analysis Strayer University ASSIGNMENT ONE Identify the five phases of the training process model (TPM); explain fully the process that goes on in each of the phases. The five phases of the training process model are as follows; 1. Analysis Phase – In the analysis phase, companies determine where there are performance gaps and how they will address those gaps. They must determine whether the performance gap is caused by insufficient employee knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA’s) or from non-KSA related issues such as faulty equipment or motivation issues (Blanchard Thacker, 2010). This process is often referred to as a training needs analysis (TNA). The analysis also serves to attach priorities to training events. Not all training needs identified will be an emergency, while other areas identified may need to be addressed as quickly as possible. 2. Design Phase – The design phase is the creation of training objectives. Once the training needs are identified through the TNA process the design phase is used to provide specific direction on how and when to provide the training. This phase also takes into consideration the factors needed to complete the training objectives, such as where to get the training (outsourced or internal), how to deliver the training (classroom, distance learning, written materials etc. ), and the organization of the training content (Blanchard Thacker, 2010). . Development Phase – The development phase is when you formulate an instructional strategy in order to meet the training objectives. It is also when all of the materials that are needed to conduct the training are brought together. Such as training materials (manuals, texts, and training media), and how the content will be delivered (classroom, distance, individual). 4. Implementation Phase – The implementation phase is when a ll of the other phases are brought together and the training can be conducted. A dry run of the training is recommended in order to ensure all the training needs are met and the training will be successful. 5. Evaluation Phase – There are two parts to the evaluation phase; the first is the process evaluation which looks at the mechanics of the training. In the second part the outcome evaluation; looks at how well the training objectives were implemented. This evaluates how the training influenced the trainees, job performance, and overall company training goals. Identify three factors that might inhibit HRD managers from developing a strategic planning approach to training. Recommend how these three factors might be overcome. Since the HRD main focus is on employee’s skills and performance and the book states that many companies leave the HRD out of the  strategic  planning process completely; it stands to reason that a HRD manager in this scenario would not develop a  strategic  plan because they know it wont be supported or included in the company’s  overall  goals. Aside from that, the other issues managers face are technical design issues, cultural/ideological issues, and political issues. If the plan is supported by the company, the HRD manager has to realize costs and development of training (especially if new training is needed to introduce new skills to workers). They also have to  determine  if this can be  achieved  internally or if they need to bring in outside  consultants. They also have to be sensitive to the cultural issues employees face and how all of these tie in with the entire organizational goals. HRD needs to identify and explain the need for change within an organization and present solutions. For instance if the companies new strategy is to have better customer service, the HRD needs to develop training that improves customer service skills while still fitting into the company’s other  strategic  goals (like saving money). Since most change in organizations is top-down thinking, the HRD manager needs to be able to present its  strategies  from the bottom (the employee) up and convince upper levels that certain changes or training is needed in order to meet company goals and that these  strategies  needs to be implemented for the overall success of the company. Compare and contrast the behaviorist and the cognitive approaches to learning. Explain which is more relevant to training. Depending on the task being trained, either approach may be best suited for the training. For instance, since the behaviorist approach suggests that the environment controls learning; in other words, the person doing the learning is not setting the objectives. A type of behaviorist learning could be getting struck by lightning. Someone doesn’t go outside in a lightning storm with the intent of being struck, and therefore learning not to go out in lighting storms. Rather it happens and they learn from the experience. Cognitive learning on the other hand is controlled by the learner. Like taking college courses, the student has an expectation of what they will learn from the course and it is dependent on their actions as a student if they learn the material or not. The instructor can set up the environment for learning, but if the student fails to show up learning will not happen. So in a corporate training environment, either approach to training could be effective. Training a specific task to be memorized and performed would fall under the behaviorist approach, while going to sexual harassment training would fall under a cognitive approach. Fully explain the purpose of a training needs analysis (TNA). Argue the conditions under which a TNA is  always  necessary, and offer two examples when a TNA might not be required. The training needs analysis (TNA) is used primarily to determine what training is necessary to eliminate or improve organizational performance gaps (OPG). When company goals and objectives are not being met, a TNA can and should be done in order to identify what training needs to take place and who needs to take the training in order to eliminate those performance gaps. TNAs are used to determine if the gap is due to employees KSA’s or if there are other barriers in place that are affecting employee performance. A TNA may not be required when the training being conducted is applicable to everyone in the company, such as sexual harassment or loss prevention training. It is also not necessary if the training is meant for team-building purposes. In this case the training is directed at the team members to develop cohesiveness and effectiveness. A TNA is always necessary when a performance gap has been identified. The TNA in this case ensures that only the employees who need the training receive it, thus reducing training costs. For instance, if the performance gap is identified in how paperwork is being handled, you would not need your manufacturers to attend the training, only the administrative employees would need to attend. This eliminates sending employees to training that they do not need, which can distract those who do need or want the training. Since relevance is one of the motivators for learning, TNA’s promote training effectiveness by ensuring that only the employees who require the training receive it. References Blanchard, P. N. Thacker, J. W. (2010). Effective Training: Systems, Strategies, Practice 2010 custom edition (4th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, N. J. : Prentice Hall.

Graphic Design Advice

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Shorten The Learning Curve For Onboarding Your Team To CoSchedule

Shorten The Learning Curve For Onboarding Your Team To Have you ever heard the epic story of Hernn Cortà ©s? He was the Spanish explorer who brought about six hundred soldiers with him to conquer a mysterious new world. As legend has it, when their ships touched ground, he gave a surprising order: Burn the ships! The explorer made it clear, their only option was to move forward.  In his journal, Cortà ©s explained,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Were all in and theres no turning back.† While historians have a quibble with the nitty-gritty details- everyone agrees that their ships were scuttled and they forfeited their way home. The lesson for us marketers definitely isnt to strike out on a conquest but it is something radical. When your team is switching to , ensure there is no path back to the status quo. The old way of doing things. In this post, Im going to share three ways to shorten the learning curve for onboarding your team to . Because, lets face it, the faster your team gets rolling with , the faster your results go up, your time spent on trivial details goes down, and you look like a marketing genius while it happens. So, youre going to learn to: Be ultra-specific with what this new world of will look like. Create a desire in your team for accomplishing more (fueled by ). Remove friction between your team and adoption. To help you do this, I have a couple amazing things just for you: A free, 1-on-1 marketing demo of for you and your team, A bundle of specific resources to help you onboard your team with ease. ⠏ °Ã‚  Pick a time for your marketing demo. ðŸâ€"‚  Grab your resources. ðŸ˜Æ'  Now lets get to onboarding! in oneplace. Save 20 hrs this week alone and every weekafter. If youve ever kicked the tires on , nows the time to see what its reallylike. Schedule Your Demo Success! Your download should start shortly. Clean up the chaos with your editorial calendar! With , youll Save time with blogging, social, and email think HOURS every week Schedule your social posts in batches and increase your posting frequency super easily Get your sht together and hold yourself accountable to publishing like the boss you are! Now’s the perfect time to start your 14-day free trial to see for yourself! Start Your Free Trial

RADIATION AND IT'S BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS Research Paper

RADIATION AND IT'S BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS - Research Paper Example This paper discusses radiation and it narrows down to the biological effects of radiation. Introduction When a nucleus of an atom emits high-energy photons and particles such as gamma rays, this kind of radiation is referred to as nuclear radiation. X-rays behave in a similar way as they do gamma rays, although unlike gamma rays, they do not involve the nucleus. For this reason, in describing nuclear radiation and x-rays, the term ionizing radiation is used. While non-ionizing radiation is vital to life, excessive exposures cause tissue damage. All ionizing radiation forms have adequate energy to ionize atoms that may in return destabilize molecules within cells ensuing into tissue damage (Francis & Kirkpatrick, 538). Although radiation is useful biologically as aforementioned, for instance in the treatment of cancer due to its ability to destroy cancerous tissues, exposure of human tissue to higher energies associated with nuclear radiation has adverse biological effects – it causes severe damage to the tissues (McCall, 213). Whenever any radiation passes through a matter, it deposits energy along its path, which leads to ionization, increased temperatures, and atomic excitations. The ionization that radiation passing through living tissue causes can lead to the damage of organic molecules if the electrons are involved in molecular binding. In the event that there is the destruction of too many molecules in this manner or in the event that there is the damaging of DNA molecules, cells may either become cancerous or die (Francis & Kirkpatrick, 538). In addition to cancer induction, other biological effects include changes in the central nervous system, heritable effects, formation of cataract and early effects on body organs as well as their function (National Research Council Staff, 2). Deliberate exposure of living tissues to radiation therefore is something to be avoided unless it is utterly necessary. In fact, the World Congress on Medical Physics an d Biomedical Engineering 2009 documents that extreme care is not an option whenever radiation is used and the advantages of using radiation must always be greater than harm and risk from it (111). Radiations that are associated with nuclear explosions include gamma rays, neutrons, and to a much lesser extent, beta particles. During an explosion, most of the gammas and all the neutrons are essentially generated in fusion and fission reactions. The capture of neutrons in the surrounding air, water or earth as well as in the explosion-weapon debris generates additional gamma rays in addition to a large array of radioisotopes, which comprise the radioactive fallout. Normally, both gamma rays and neutrons are strongly absorbed all over the body thereby affecting all organs (Hafemeister, 5). Francis & Kirkpatrick point out that radiation’s outcome on people’s health is dependent on the amount of radiation that living tissue absorbs as well as the biological impacts linked wi th this absorption (538). To explain further, radiation’s harmful biological effects are attributable to destructive ionization generated within an exposed organism’s cell bodies. In animal tissues, both neutrons and gamma rays’ mean free paths are in the order of twenty centimeters, which is the range that inflicts maximum damage to the organism. In the event tha

Critical analysis or explain some important point about a piece of Essay

Critical analysis or explain some important point about a piece of literature - Essay Example The story mocks at the innocence and niceness, and proves that too much simplicity becomes serious obstacle in personality development, and the progress of the simple people appears to be struck and stopped. On the contrary, the people who take timely decisions by revolting against the unnecessary domestic and social rules make their sure headway towards progress, independence and success in life; the same can be observed by going through the personalities of Dee and Maggie, the two daughters of a single mother, Mrs. Johnson. Published in 1973, the novel under the title â€Å"Everyday Use† is one of the most influential works created on the topic of the adherence and emotional attachment of the African Americans to their traditions, customs, conventions and values. The author, Alice Walker, has skillfully elaborated the very reality that the dedication and affection for the cultural heritage and ancestral norms can be found in the attitude and behavior of even the most modish, trendy and voguish individuals of society. Consequently, the African Americans have not forgotten their cultural values and traits even after four centuries of their migration from their motherland. The same is applied on the elder sister Dee, which abhors the name her Mama has given to her, and replaces it with Wangero, as she views: â€Å"I couldn’t bear it any longer, being named after the people who oppress me.† (Christian 29) Additionally, the novel also supports the very idea that innate characteristics dominate over personality throughout human life. Hence, the children of the same parents are also different from one another in liking, disliking, tastes and habits. The main theme of the story is this that man is valued as he makes himself valuable. Consequently, the individuals, who take initiative, establish goals and make struggle to achieve the same, are looked at with unabated admiration and respect. On the contrary, the simple, innocent and extra-obedient and complying members of society lag far behind them in the race of accomplishments and achievements; the same can be observed by getting oriented with the personalities of Dee and Maggie in the story under examination. It is therefore instead of being grateful to the innocent and simple Maggie, the Mama also admires the qualities Dee possesses: â€Å"She used to read to us without pity; forcing words, lies, other folks’ habits, whole lives upon us two, sitting trapped and ignorant underneath her voice.† (Christian 229) The story also throws light on the problems faced by the US population including single motherhood, class discrimination, racial and ethnic conflicts and socioeconomic situation etc. Moreover, the author has also highlighted the shabby abode and dilapidated environment in which the lower stratum of the US society lives and strives in order to make its both ends meet on the one hand, and keep the wolf from the door on the other. The story focuses upon th e character of the middle-aged lady, called Mrs. Johnson, and her innocent daughter Maggie, who are leading a miserable and lonely life in the southern part of the USA. Being the member of lower middle class, Mrs. Johnson had led a very hard and pathetic life and had brought up her two daughters by toiling hard throughout the week in her youth. Not only this

Sounds of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sounds of Silence by Simon and Garfunkel - Essay Example The genre was known by the name of folk/rock. Tom Wilson, while listening to the song â€Å"Mr. Tambourine Man† flickered with the idea of making a folk/rock with Simon and Garfunkel with whom he had already worked successfully with their debutant album. Simon and Garfunkel the duo recorded the song for their first album â€Å"Wednesday Morning, 3 A.M.† in the year 1964. Latter on it was overdubbed with the inclusion of the instruments like electric bass, drums and electric guitar. As a single, the song was released in the month of September 1965 and the song was written by Paul Simon of the duo in the month of February 1964. The song â€Å"Sounds of Silence† is the most popular song released by the duo in the United States after their most well-liked hit† Bridge Over Troubled Water† (Simons 1-120). During 1960s and 70s, many genres of music like rock, alternative rock, folk rock and country rock evolved which sung the saga of the men and time during which these songs evolved, The ‘Numero Uno’ or the number one track of the chartbuster during the year 1966 by Simon and Garfunkel also reiterates the social and political turmoil of the time (Charlesworth 1-125). THESIS STATEMENT The song, â€Å"Sounds of Silence† delineates many socio-cultural and socio-political issues within its melodious presentation. This essay intends to explore the subtle thematic paradigm imbibed behind the acoustic and electrified versions of this intense song. SOUNDS OF SILENCE: A REFLECTION Without getting much into the thin line of difference that separates the two genres of music during the sixties; the folk and the pop that strikingly evolves out through this song, it is quintessential to perceive the magic and enchantment the song delivers. The tempo, the rhythm, orchestration and above all the melody of the song is just splendid to fall back upon and listen to with close eyes. However, the most powerful aspect of the song is its lyrics. Poetry is inherent within a totalitarian scheme of things operating and pervading the song. From its rhetoric to words and intonation there is poetry imbibed within every layer and every aspect of the song (Technorati, Inc, â€Å"Music Review: Simon & Garfunkel - Sounds Of Silence - Page 2†) â€Å"The Sounds of Silence†: In restless dreams I walk alone Narrow streets of cobblestone, 'Neath the halo of a street lamp, I turned my collar to the cold and damp When my eyes were stabbed by the flash of a neon light That split the night And touched the sound of silence† (SongMeanings, â€Å"Simon and Garfunkel – The Sound of Silence†). No one can undermine the powerful use of language in the song. As a matter of fact, since the release of the song with more vigor and overwhelming confidence Paul Simon started writing songs which were definitely taking him to a higher echelon of poets. A rare master of storytelling and craftsmanship of imagery that Simon was, started lurking large in the song and the conversant style of the song made it more popular and relative: â€Å"Hello darkness, my old friend, I've come to talk with you again, Because a vision softly creeping, Left its seeds while I was sleeping, And the vision that was planted in my brain Still remains Within the sound of silence† (SongMeanings, â€Å"Simon and Garfunkel – The Sound of Silence†). As the song was so popular and close to everyone’s heart or to be precise it was deliberately made so much appealing because it tried to captivate the particular essence of socio-political catastrophe taking place at the political domain of America. The song â€Å"The Sounds of Silence† is particularly written after the assassination of John F. Kennedy and the social and political degradation of America as a nation and

Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Global Economy - Essay Example However, based on the recent occurrence of the global recession in 2007-08, Bretton Wood organisations were rendered helpless for managing the monetary turbulence and also stabilise its primary nations such as the US and European countries (Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen, 2008). The three primary Bretton Wood organisations are International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organisations and the World Bank (Hall et al. 2011). However, the influence of these organisations on the economical and financial transactions of national systems has often been criticised. This essay will mainly analyse these criticisms and also try to evaluate the need for the Bretton Wood system and organisation in the contemporary scenario. Hunt (2008) noticed that criticisms for the Bretton Wood organisations have been continuously focused on the approaches and regulations imposed on the underlying firms, institutions and countries. Obstfeld and Rogoff (2009) specified that the criticisms made for the Bretton Wood organisations can be mainly segmented into social and economic perspectives. Considering the economic or financial activities of the World Bank or IMF, often it has been noticed that Washington Consensus plays a big role in the description and design of loan conditions made by the Bretton Wood organisations. The Washington Consensus mainly focuses on the liberalisation of the national trade system of the nations and preventing the privatisation of the government segments. Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen (2008) considered the utilisation of Washington Consensus as a barrier for the development of the global corporate industry. James (2012) reflected that as privatisation is increasing in the commerce and trade sector, the rules of the Bretton Wood institutions can prevent or slow down the growth of the global trade and commerce practices. Relating this statement with the concept of globalisation, it has to be considered that the policies of the Washington Consensus does not

See attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

See attachment - Essay Example According to an online publication, the public sector has been a leader in asset management practices for a long period. The private sector has been lagging behind with players having little interest in the theory. Consequently, there was a lot of mismanagement of resources in the private sector in comparison with the public sector that was achieving sanity at the time. Government agencies had been empowered to investigate public corporations that were mismanaging funds. The agencies were mandated to carry out an audit of the resources that had been allocated to public companies to detect discrepancies that were costly. They made an inspection of government institutions such as the police department, public hospitals, and local authorities among other areas that the government played an imperative role. A task body was formed in the United Kingdom to try and establish the importance of asset management to the strategic plans of an organization and its contribution to profits. The fin ding of the report indicated that although technical skills contributed significantly to the performance of an organization, the role of asset management towards the success of an organization could not be ignored. Consequently, the importance of asset management is one of the factors that stirred the University that investigated correlation Between asset management and the performance of an organization. The study unearthed shocking findings of the notion of asset management. It was created that a majority of people were unaware of the roles asset management played to the success of a business entity2. Despite the fact that the research came up with incomplete evidence, similar studies were carried out in the 1990s.Meaningful recommendations were arrived at that saw companies adopt cost cutting measures in production processes. In addition, new methods of managing physical assets were

Global Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Global Economy - Essay Example However, based on the recent occurrence of the global recession in 2007-08, Bretton Wood organisations were rendered helpless for managing the monetary turbulence and also stabilise its primary nations such as the US and European countries (Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen, 2008). The three primary Bretton Wood organisations are International Monetary Fund, World Trade Organisations and the World Bank (Hall et al. 2011). However, the influence of these organisations on the economical and financial transactions of national systems has often been criticised. This essay will mainly analyse these criticisms and also try to evaluate the need for the Bretton Wood system and organisation in the contemporary scenario. Hunt (2008) noticed that criticisms for the Bretton Wood organisations have been continuously focused on the approaches and regulations imposed on the underlying firms, institutions and countries. Obstfeld and Rogoff (2009) specified that the criticisms made for the Bretton Wood organisations can be mainly segmented into social and economic perspectives. Considering the economic or financial activities of the World Bank or IMF, often it has been noticed that Washington Consensus plays a big role in the description and design of loan conditions made by the Bretton Wood organisations. The Washington Consensus mainly focuses on the liberalisation of the national trade system of the nations and preventing the privatisation of the government segments. Krishnamurthy and Vissing-Jorgensen (2008) considered the utilisation of Washington Consensus as a barrier for the development of the global corporate industry. James (2012) reflected that as privatisation is increasing in the commerce and trade sector, the rules of the Bretton Wood institutions can prevent or slow down the growth of the global trade and commerce practices. Relating this statement with the concept of globalisation, it has to be considered that the policies of the Washington Consensus does not

Supercool advising the partnership on their chances of successfully Essay

Supercool advising the partnership on their chances of successfully defending claims from John in connection with the bar furniture - Essay Example Under the terms of the contract Supercool would provide a large glass show case for six months, which would be both stocked and maintained by employees of Supercool in Inky’s bar located at the football ground. The contract also contained a clause that Supercool would not be liable for any loss or damage caused during stocking or maintenance of the show case by the staff of Supercool. John is now demanding compensation for damage caused to the bar area, and Supercool have referred John to the clause in the contract. Whenever there is a disagreement or dispute between members of a society, or between organisations the matter would have to be resolved by applying the law, through the courts. There are different types of laws such as the constitution law and the common law. In many cases judges will use previous cases to help solve a current case. This process is called precedents, which means to follow the decision of other judges in similar cases to solve their case.

Theoretical Framework Essay Example for Free

Theoretical Framework Essay Self- efficacy and perceived self-proficiency Bandura’s (1986) social cognitive theory is based on the concept that individuals possess a self-system that enables them to exercise a measure of control over their thoughts, feelings, and actions.   He defines this self-system as housing the individuals’ cognitive and affective structures which includes the abilities to symbolize, learn from others, plan strategies, regulate ones own behavior, and engage in self- reflection.   Bandura believes that through self-reflection, individuals could evaluate their own experiences and thought processes.    Bandura (1986) stresses that self-reflection is the most critical human capability.   Through self-reflection, individuals evaluate and change their own thinking and behavior.   Some of these evaluations include the perceptions of self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s own capabilities to organize and initiate courses of behavior necessary to achieve specific types of performances. Bandura further elaborated on the belief that perceived self-proficiency could affect behavior in several ways.   Individuals may be influenced in the courses of action they undertake. He believed that individuals may only participate in tasks in which they feel confident and competent.   In contrast, they often avoid those tasks in which they feel unsuccessful.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to Pajares (1996), self-efficacy beliefs could determine how much effort individuals will invest in an activity, how long they will persevere when confronting obstacles, and how resilient they are in adverse situations.   There exists a direct relationship among two sets of variables where the higher the self- efficacy, the greater is the effort, persistence, and resilience. In addition, self- efficacy beliefs could influence individuals’ emotions and thought patterns.   An individual with low self-efficacy could believe that things are more difficult than they really are.   This is a belief state of mind that could contribute to depression, stress, and a limited vision of how to best solve an issue.   On the other hand, high self-efficacy could contribute to an individuals feeling of confidence and serenity in approaching problematic tasks and activities (Bandura 1986; Pajares 1996).   Moreover, according to Bandura, an individuals self- efficacy beliefs are strong determinants and predictors of the level of accomplishment that one may attain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In consonance with this, online art students are individuals possessing this self-system that Bandura was referring to. Their self-systems could pave the way for an introspection of one’s self. This self-reflection is a means for the students to evaluate their selves and this self-evaluation made by the students are the basis for behavioral changes towards improvement. When done in the educational setting, the students could use this self-system in reflecting with regard to their self-efficacy and self-proficiency. This would direct and pinpoint the strong and weak points of the students and the factors that keep them continuing in an educational endeavor or activity. Adult online art students would need to have the chance to review their set of characteristics such as self-efficacy. As stated above, this activity would pinpoint their strong and weak points and the identification of such would pave the way for reinforcement or reversal of certain behaviors. There might be some factors that would need to be reinforced or improved in the online courses and this would be identified based on the students’ self-efficacy beliefs. Motivations of adult learners   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The literature (Knowles 1995; Mezirow 1991; Rogers 1966) in adult education focuses on the distinct attributes of adults, which builds a rationale for practice based on those attributes. Knowles (1995) advocates that adults are autonomous, self-directed, and have unique needs and requirements as learners.   He also indicates that adults like to direct their own learning and are motivated by several factors:1) are attracted to the social relationships involved in learning; 2) want to create friendships and there is a need to foster interesting associations; 3)   have external expectations; 4) have a desire to comply with instructions from someone else; 5) want to fulfill the expectations of someone with formal authority; 6) want to be of service to the community;7) want to become connected and part of social networks;8) want to secure professional advancements or gain higher status in employment; 9) want to escape from boredom   and learning provides a break in the routine of their daily lives. Moreover, Knowles (1950) believes in informal education; that is education where the learning occurs in daily life and outside of formal school settings. Just the same, the adult students of the online art classes still possess practically the same motivations stated above. It can be noticed that the motivational factors presented here are not entirely in harmony with the elements of an online class. Transformative learning, best theorized by Mezirow (1991) suggests that the adult learner make changes through transforming personal perspectives. Mezirow believes that individuals could be transformed through the process of critical reflection and that changes which accelerate transformative learning are referred to as â€Å"disorienting dilemmas†. These are situations that fail to align with preconceived opinions. The dilemmas encourage critical reflection and guide the development of alternative paths of knowledge. The adult learner is given the chance to reflect on the attitudes, opinions and emotional responses that defined personal perceptions. Transformative learning can, thus, aid adult online art students in bringing about an act of contemplation within their personal perspectives of successes, barriers, and motivations with regard to the online art programs they take. As suggested by Mezirow, the change in personal perspectives can help in attaining necessary changes among the adult students in the educational setting. The theory of experiential learning, by Carl Rogers, evolved as a part of the humanistic education movement (Patterson, 1993; Valett, 1977). Rogers distinguishes two types of learning: cognitive and experiential. Cognitive learning corresponds to academic knowledge such as learning multiplication tables and vocabulary.   Experiential learning refers to an applied knowledge such as learning about sewing in order to make clothing. Rogers (1996) believes that a distinction between cognitive and experiential learning was that the learning addresses the means and desires of the learner.   The qualities of experiential learning are self-initiation, personal involvement, and evaluation by the learner and the pervasive effects on the learner. Rogers also feels that all human beings have the ability to learn and the role of the educator is to facilitate the learning. The educator’s responsibilities were to set a positive climate for learning, clarify the purposes for the learner, organize and make available learning resources, balance intellectual and emotional components of learning, and share thoughts with learners. However, an educator should avoid dominating the classroom.   Rogers (1996) states that real learning is facilitated when the learner participates in the learning process and has control over its direction. Also that it primarily is based upon direct application with practical, social, personal or research problems.   Moreover, self- evaluation is the main method of assessing progress or success. Indeed, the theme of self-evaluation by adult online art students remains to be the central focus of this theory. It is also to be emphasized that it is the adult online art students are the principal actors to whom the learning process should be directed. It is necessary that the inputs to the learning environment comes and directs to the learners, who are the adult online art students, and the teacher remains as a facilitator in the online classes. With the fact that they are the main actors here, they are also the ones who should reflect on the learning process and bring about the change. The teacher, as a facilitator would be the one to be the change agent. Both Rogers (1966) and Mezirow (1991) reflect Knowles’ ideas about informal education. Rogers’ (1966) approach to adult education focuses on relationships. He agrees with Knowles that adults want to create friendships and foster interesting associations. However, he believed that the facilitation of significant learning relied upon the attitudinal relationship of the facilitator and the learner. He also believes that it is impossible to teach another person directly—one could only really facilitate their learning.   Similarly, Mezirow (1991) recognizes that adults are autonomous and self-directed; however, he felt the adult learner needs to challenge their frames of reference by critically reflecting on their assumptions. Mezirow feels this is a critical step in the adults learning. Learning could change if the adult would implement ways to assess their beliefs or prior assumptions. With this, a line can be drawn in the path of the adult online art students. There is a relationship within the facilitator and the learner, who are the teacher and the adult online art student respectively. It is not possible to have a direct domination of the learning process of the adult online art students. There is a need for the adult online art students to evaluate on their current beliefs so as to gain a new perspective in the learning process.   Research by Csikszentmihalyi (1997) also explores motivation. He defines a â€Å"state of flow† as a condition of heightened focus, happiness and productivity that all individuals understand and hunger for. Csikszentmihalyi offers an interesting observation about what individuals believe makes them happy. What was discovered is that individuals are most happy and most productive while pursuing challenging activities. The majority of these activities are during work or pursuing a hobby.   Individuals who emerge from each flow state are more complex, self-confident, capable, and sensitive. The experience becomes its own reward. Moreover, in order to improve one’s life, one must improve the quality of the experience. Csikszentmihalyi believes the main advantage of flow is that it enabled adults to avoid psychic entropy or degeneration which could cause depression, dispiritedness and distraction. The adult online art students are motivated by different things. Generally, it can be said that these motivations come from the idea of being challenged with their online art programs. The very experience would serve as their means and their ends. In addition to this, what matters highly are the goals and experiences given and made by them to keep them going in the online art program. Intentions of adult learners One definition (Webster’s World dictionary 1998) of intention states that it is the reason, motive or purpose for ones actions. It is a determination to act in a specific way and on purpose. However, according to Davies (2006) this definition may be unfinished. Jackson (1994), Kuhl (1990) and McCarty and Siccone (2001) as cited by Davies (2006) believe that intention is an internal representation of a persons values, purposes, or commitment to a particular activity. In addition, intention includes willpower, persistence, determination, desire, effort, work ethic, mindfulness, striving, and focus. Rychlak (1997) adds that through intention individuals have the ability to choose specific actions. They also have specific intentions that can determine the effort and persistence with which they pursue those actions.  Ã‚   Fishbein and Ajzen (1975) add that actual learning behavior is more accurately predicted by a learner’s intent. Davies (2006) concludes that it is the learners’ intent that determines the effort expended and the quality of the learning achieved. Through self-reflection mentioned several times before, the adult online art students would be able to learn about their intentions as learners. The degree of the intensity of the intention also shows the effort that will be brought about by the learner in the learning process and in the online art programs. This would greatly affect their interest in their programs. Intention can be defined as an individuals commitment and will to learn what is expected of them when given a specific learning opportunity.   According to Bandura (2001) intention is the mental representation of commitment to learn which is separate from both from motivation and effort.   Learner intention can characterize an individual aims and values for participating in the learning activity. An individual’s capability to make accurate decisions may vary depending on aptitudes and abilities. Gardner (2006) makes the point that the ability to control oneself in this way is a category of intelligence.   Intrapersonal intelligence as Gardner expresses it, is the degree to which individuals are able to efficiently control motivational influences and accurately judge situations when making decisions and forming intent. Tyler (1995) notes that intentions which are associated with specific decisions are not always fixed.   Circumstances may change and motives can become reconsidered.   Certain individuals may have multiple intentions for multiple activities.   These can often compete for their time and attention.   According to Schunk and Zimmerman (1994) in learning environments where students are faced with conflicting intentions, compromises are made that are often situational.   Students who can self-regulate and prioritize specific learning goals are academically successful. Those who are unable can become unsuccessful. The online educational setting would provide the adult online art students conflicts with regard to their motivations, intentions, and personal perspectives. It is important for the adult online art students to be able to identify their main learning goals in vis-à  -vis their intentions and motivations in order for them to become successful in their online art programs. It is necessary for them to gain a full understanding of their personal perspectives and beliefs because these are the things which would pave the way for a successful academic setting. Success strategies and best practices Palloff and Pratt (2001) discuss successful strategies and principles of good practice for instructors in online undergraduate education. This includes, encouraging contact between students and faculty, developing cooperation among students, promoting the use of active learning techniques, and giving prompt feedback. Another good practice is to place an emphasis on communicating high expectations to all learners of diverse talent and learning styles. Palloff and Pratt (2001) believe that courses that encouraged interactivity are the key to a well constructed online course. It could be remembered that one of the motivations of the adult students is the interaction between the different stakeholders of the learning environment. Thus, the transformation of the online courses into an interactive one is a key step for the administrator and the teachers. The role of the student as the principal actor should be noted here because the adult online students should take a big part and should be considered in the redirection of the online class into an interactive one. Sales-Ciges (2001) separate the instructor’s role in the online classroom into three categories: social, intellectual, and organizational.   The instructor monitors the course content by tracking student’s activities, setting timelines, and introducing procedures.   The instructor also has the role of facilitator in discussions by providing students with feedback on discussion board responses.   Stolovitch and Keeps (1999) add that instructors need to understand how to foster human interaction in a virtual setting and to guide the students through their understanding of course materials. In addition, an instructor needs to promote students interactivity for communication, motivation, discovery and participation when presenting assignments.   Wiggins and TcTighe (2001) believe that the instructor should focus on the students understanding of the material and the ability to transfer the information into real life.   In addition, the assignments must be achievable and rewarding in order to keep the student motivated. In line with this, the teachers as facilitators in the online classes for adults should maintain its role as close as it is in the real setting. It should be as close to the real classroom environment and the adult online students should have all the necessary knowledge and skills to be able to put it into application. The maintenance of the real classroom environment and the ability to put it into application are motivations for the adult online art students. Barriers for completion The research (Mezirow 1991; Tough 1979) supports that adults have several barriers against participating in learning. Significant barriers include confidence, time, interest, money, scheduling, child care, transportation, and information about opportunities to learn. More importantly, less obvious barriers include their past experiences in acquiring new learning. Kennedy (2003) observes that adults have preconceived ways of thinking and this could cause a resistance to learning new information. The adult learners’ past experiences can be a barrier in gaining new learning. Crawford (2006) supports Kennedy’s belief about the adult learner. He notes that a resistance to learning new information can occur from past habits or old ways of thinking about a particular issue. He adds that the reason for this resistance in learning is that adults are often reserved about acquiring new knowledge, particularly if it is in direct contrast to what they believe. Similarly, the adult online art students bear the same difficulties with regard to learning, more so with a new environment which is the online classrooms for them. In addition to this, there are factors that prevent them from proceeding with the learning process as they take into consideration when they enroll and proceed with their online art programs. Motivations to continue According to Knowles (1980) adult learners are educated through life experiences. They gain their self-identity from their past experiences. If they cannot use those experiences or if those experiences are unacknowledged, they can feel rejected as an individual. Bandura (1986) also supported that if an individual perceived themselves as unable to accomplish a task, they would cease to participate in the task. In addition, Kennedy (2003) noted that the fear of failure an adult may bring to the classroom could bring on further rejection from their peer group.   Kennedy believes that past experiences could also be a handicap in acquiring new learning.    Adults sometimes have preconceived ways of thinking that are resistant to change.   Moreover, adult learners could be more reserved about new knowledge if it is in contrast to what they believe.  Ã‚   Lieb (1991) contends that how an adult uses their work provides a significant and important factor in self- identification. An important aspect of work that influences the adults motivations to learn has to do with job dissatisfaction. Changes in technology and other socio-economic factors could influence a great number of adults who change occupations over the course of their lives.   Adults are often motivated to acquire and update new skills for employment. To this, the motivations for the adult online art students are motivated by the environment within which learning occurs. This would also include their past experiences and how they use the things they learn from the online art programs. Palloff and Pratt (2003) support that online learning may require a high degree of motivation, self-directed learning, persistence, and commitment from the adult learner.   Many learners lack the required preparation for the demands of online learning in order to complete their programs. Retention (Frankola 2004) in distance education higher education is not a new subject; however the study of e-learning retention is a relatively new area for research. Most of the existing models (Tinto 1975; Bean 1980) of retention were built on the retention research of ground campuses and nontraditional learners. The field of retention for adult online art students remains an unknown one. It is also necessary to identify the preparedness of the adult online art students to the nature of the learning environment. This will provide them ample time to reflect and transform their personal perspectives and make them in parallel with the situations of the online art programs. The research (Frankola 2001) has shown that the reasons for dropping out of online education programs are multiple, interrelated and complex.   Students are most likely to leave an online program after they complete the first few courses. Few students decide to leave an online education program after they have several courses completed.   The students who persist in the early phases of the online program could be viewed as successful and are probably satisfied with their online learning experience in the program. The students who had issues adjusting to the online program or technology are likely to become frustrated in their first few courses. Taking the time and effort to putting forth the investment into the program could make the difference. The adult online art students who had the chance to reflect on their personal beliefs are the ones predicted to be more successful in their online classes. It is important that the adult online student feels motivated in the experiences and goals in the learning experience to keep them going. Martinez (2003) states that recent nontraditional attrition studies have considered the impact of psychological factors on persistence.   Bandura believes (1986) that some of these factors could be related to the learners’ self-efficacy in regard to self-proficiency. Other factors could have to do with learner intentions (Davies 2006), quality of instruction (Palloff Pratt 2003), and motivations to continue (Frankola 2004; Kennedy 2003). The level of persistence exuded by the students could be affected by several factors, which are important for the adult online art students. This, in consonance with the learning environment, could contribute to the success of the students and in the continuous endeavor in learning.

Customer Relationship Management of Coca Cola

Customer Relationship Management of Coca Cola Customer relationship management is managing the interactions between the  customers, clients ,sales prospects and the company. CRM needs technology to organise sales activities, marketing, technical support and customer service. The Aim is to find new clients, retain the old customer those the company already have and reduce the cost of marketing and the service provide to the customers. CRM shows the company strategy including the customer interface department and other departments. (Buttle, 2000) Customer relationship management is the development and maintenance of mutually beneficial long-term relationships with strategically significant customers. CRM support the relationship between a business and its customers are to Acquire Enhance Retain Relationship marketing that views customers as assets and emphasizes retaining customers by nurturing and sustaining a relationship with them. It involves building the value for the customer and giving the perception that the company and the customer are partners. Relationship marketing creates bonds with customers bu fully understanding and responding to their needs, requirements and problems with customized personal service. Marketing Mix is used to indicate the integrating of several variables to satisfy specific consumer needs. The task of the marketing manager is to form these variables into marketing mix that meets the needs of each consumer group or market segment targeted by the company. The most widely used marketing mix is the Four Ps Product Price Promotion Place QCI Model Introduction on Coca Cola Company Coca cola is the world largest beverage company. They sell their products over 200 countries and over one billion of their products is consumed each day. Maintaining the finances and logistics is the crucial task. Coca Cola started using a system called the legacy system which found to be very inefficient. This system was generating high cost and was not user friendly. All the finical plans are entered manually and used to re entered for updating the information.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  When Coca cola expanded this became more crucial for their success.   Coca Cola need a far more advance business management system. So Coca Cola decided to use SAP Strategic Enterprise Management.  They implemented SAP financials into their business in order to handle the financial processes of the corporation. SEM provides Business Planning Simulation for finances, Data Warehousing for information collection and data analysis, and can also generate financial reports and monthly sales forecasts.     Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   QCI Model for Coca Cola Company Business strategy of Coca Cola is Think local, act local.  The integration between the local bottlers and delivery to the customers is crucial to the companys overall efficiency and keeping the customers satisfied. Full-service vending, Direct Store Delivery (DSD), and equipment services are very important for bottlers business operations and profit centres.  DSD gather customer information to distributors. With that specific data they improve cost control in delivering products.   They receive request from Sales representatives, Mobile device and Service staff. With these details the store can respond easily to the customers and make the process more efficiently. The RFID gives feedback that benefits research, marketing and product development We can improve customer service and satisfaction using better CRM. Using advance CRM we can get the required information of the customer. IT system again collects all the data and analysis them and provide information to provide a better product that suit the customer needs. Using SAP CRM system Coca-Cola was able to achieve their goal of customer focus. The CRM helps the existing processes and also improve the new functions to satisfy the customer. These kinds of CRM help updates and improve the market share for the computer and create a better name with the customer and also reduce the cost for transportation.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   The CRM in Coca Cola also handle customer service support where you can direct talk to the person in the company for problem with the product. They have different type of service all around the world. They provide the customer service not only through feedback, email and telephone but also through monitoring and many types of analysis. So by this collaborative CRM, Coca Cola has provided efficient customer service to gain customer satisfaction. Coca Cola was able to continue to grow with the demands as they were able to provide to their customer needs. They always focus on to satisfy the customer needs with the new infrastructure of CRM,ERP and well maintained SCM system they were able to achieve the goals which they really needed to satisfy the customers. By this way there were able to be in the top in the beverage industry. They are still facing a lot of problem to be in the top position but well maintain CRM will never lose the position. (E.Neville Isdell 2005), As we have always done in the past, I know that this industry will rise to the occasion. Coca Cola has taken many steps to win back the customer and to retain the existing customer. They have created a fan page in Facebook which became a very popular with the customers and when they are connected to Facebook, They can actually keep on getting update on recent action by Coca Cola. They can send group message in Facebook. Can gain feedback from customer and provide solution online. Coca Cola is able to advertise in Facebook and gain more customers through the social site. Coca Cola also can gain all the details of the customer from the Facebook page and provide appropriate personalized service to gain more customer and also retain the existing customers. These kind of social networking site help the company to be closer to the customers. Marketing and Advertising in these kind of site will also help the company to grown better. Some of the company does not accept this fact but Coca cola established their Facebook fan page in the third quarter of 2008 by the mid of 2009 there were around 3.4 million fan. But this fan page was created by a Coca Cola fan after much consideration Coca Cola used it as a promotion page and a place where they can build a relationship with the customers. Coca Cola gained a idea and used this Facebook page as a promotion page and was able to gain information from the Facebook wall and provide promotional offers to the customers. They created many ways to keep in touch with the customer by creating Application online for computers and mobile phone. They also provide exclusive sneak peeks for the customer in Facebook. Coca Cola was able to maintain this Facebook page and gather the required information and be in contact with the customers. The company able to attract all the customer, When you go to the Facebook wall page you can see all the language. From this we can see that the company is able to build a good name in all the countries. Coca Cola is the second largest fan page in Facebook as they are around 3.4 million fans in it. When we calculate the number of members join per day would come around 3500. So Coca Cola through this is the best way for promotion and gaining the customer feedback. Coca Cola was able to bring a new innovate vending machine with fountain dispenser called Freestyle. In this the customer can customize their own drink from 100 combinations and this was the first time they can have provide 100 combinations which are not introduced before. The most important about the freestyle vending machine was it is connected to SAP system. So it collect all the customer data and stored in CRM system. It also identifies if the freestyle machine needs to be refilled or not. So they can easy refill it and it also uses the RFID. The Vending machine also has major disadvantage when there is out of stock of the item. Customer can easily choose other product so Coca Cola has to main there strategy in this to maintain the stock and to gain the customer satisfaction. So vending machine should be place in appropriate place where there is easy access of refilling and places where we can cover a lot of customers. We can also find out which products which has sold more and the product which is contribute more profit. We can provide many different products to the customer by giving different product at same day. This is the best way to sell the product more effectively. We can use credit card to pay for the drink which can also provide loyalty points so we can get a free product once a while. It can also identify your drink with the card and you can easily select it and pay for it. This is all built in the vending machine so it is more user friendly for the customer to order and get their favourite drink easily. This is how Coca Cola is able to attract more customer and provide the customer what they required. Coca Cola is trying to take a bigger step by creating a beverage on the spot for the customer and not to put it in a vending machine. Customer can select the required ingredients with a touch screen and we can track the inventory and the customer favourite product so we can serve the customer the better. This is a major operational CRM used attract customer into the company. This is a major step for Coca Cola but being the leader in beverage they need to take necessary step and new innovative idea to be in the top position. Coca Cola has started a new marketing environment by providing a unique pin number in the bottle which can be used to save 75 cents of the mobile bill. They can also gain point for icoke from this system. So this is one of the best marketing techniques to gain customer by giving offer to their daily use products. Coca Cola has worked on this strategy and made some more advance option in it and applied it to United Kingdom. Where you can get the redeemed instantly with the wireless service and get some credit of the minutes. Coca Cola customer gain icoke points from this way and they can use these points to purchase tickets and get some discount on direct purchase. Coca Cola has also joined with Mc Donalds and provide varies offer in purchasing a meal. These kinds of offer revoke the customer and make them purchase the drink. Coke also sells four out of five drinks in all major countries so consumers are able to select and purchase the drink with selected offers. Coca Cola has done one of the best marketing with the Air Bonus. It does not have any back office work. Customer can get the discount instantly without any problem. Mobile phone is a daily use product which helps the customer more. The phone is used a like a loyalty card. They also create a lot of contest online and make customer to play for exiting prize. This kind of action revokes customer to purchase coke. Customers Go Better With Coke As Coca Cola is working on this kind of strategy by creating a Fan page and using a better CRM and SCM process they are able to serve the customer easily and personalizing each customer needs and providing drink according to their taste. This kind of promotion can create word of mouth in office and other entrainment centre where people can take a time out and have some drink and talk about it in online and provide valuable feedback. This can create a major buzz in about the product and help expanding bigger. We can attract new customer with this kind of CRM strategy and retain the existing customer. We can also win back the customer by creating personalizing service. My view on Coca Cola While expanding the company they started to use advance CRM strategy which help the company to grow better and Coca Cola also understand the customer needs and provided innovative vending machine like freestyle made the customer to like Coca Cola. They provided exiting offer to the existing customer with icoke points and discount in phone bill. They used the IT system to get feedback and also made a quality monitoring in customer service made the customer more satisfied. They also used Facebook Fan page as a biggest promotion centre and provided some seek peek for customer. Coca Cola fan page is the second largest fan page in Facebook. We have used the QCI model on this case study to clearly study the Coca Cola CRM process. Conclusion The overview of this case study clearly provides information that using advance CRM strategy help Coca Cola to achieve their goal without losing their market. They were able to provide offers and started some contest online to play and win exiting prizes. They have created a freestyle vending machine where a customer can make his own drink from 100 combinations. This was one of the biggest step for Coca Cola. They were able to do online promotion in one of the top Social networking site. There were able to gain the largest number of fans in it. Coca Cola is able to collect data from vending machine, mobile, Customer service, online network and provide solution and give personalized service to the customer. Coca Cola is able to win back there customer with the new freestyle vending. Coca Cola is able to manage their top position in beverage with their advance CRM process.

The Motivational Self Fear of a Poe Narrator Essay -- Tell Tale Heart

Poe has given his narrator in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† multiple currently diagnosable psychological disorders: bipolarity, obsessive compulsive disorder, psychopathy, paranoia. Although he is a psychopath by Hare’s definition, among the disorders, the narrator’s sense of fear is overwhelmingly the most motivating. On a first reading, it might seem that the narrator committed murder because of his unjustified hatred towards the victim, or more specifically, the victim’s â€Å"evil eye.† And later, he confesses to his crime because of the overwhelming guilt he feels which causes him to hear the beating of the dead man’s heart. However, as a psychopath, the narrator is incapable of feeling guilt. I will demonstrate that it is not hatred toward what is outside of the self that drove the narrator to murder and confession but the hatred and the immense fear of the insane side of himself that drove him to such irrational actions. After the burying the corpse beneath the floorboards, the narrator, being proud of his work, states that â€Å"no human eye – not even his – could have detected anything wrong.† To the narrator, the old man is able to see beyond what the average person can see. One might assume that it was the fear of the eye’s judgement that caused the narrator to resort to murder. Although this is true, a stronger motivation was the fear of his own insanity. The fact that he feared the eye made him see the irrational side of himself. In refusal to acknowledge his mental disorder, the narrator gives an alternative name to his paranoia, characterized by an oversensitivity to sound: â€Å"nervousness.† The phrase â€Å"I have nothing to fear† right after the murder as well as in the presence of the police is repeated because he’s trying to convince... ... but the torment of being labelled insane. The eventual anxiety attack, characterized by irrational behaviour such speaking frequently, and later foaming, raving, swearing and violent actions towards his chair, which is, ironically, the typical behaviour of the insane. Works Cited Haycock, Dean. â€Å"Hare Psychopathy Checklist.† Healthonline. 2003. http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/hare-psychopathy-checklist/3 Jerga, Josh. â€Å"Accused Chainsaw Murderer Had 'Shark' Eyes.† News.smh. 11/15/2010. http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/accused-chainsaw-murderer-had-shark -eyes-20101115-17u4c.html. Merriam-Webster. 2010. http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/antisocial%20personality%20disorder Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart.† The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th ed. vol. B. Ed. Baym, Nina. New York: Norton, 2007. Print. The Motivational Self Fear of a Poe Narrator Essay -- Tell Tale Heart Poe has given his narrator in â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart† multiple currently diagnosable psychological disorders: bipolarity, obsessive compulsive disorder, psychopathy, paranoia. Although he is a psychopath by Hare’s definition, among the disorders, the narrator’s sense of fear is overwhelmingly the most motivating. On a first reading, it might seem that the narrator committed murder because of his unjustified hatred towards the victim, or more specifically, the victim’s â€Å"evil eye.† And later, he confesses to his crime because of the overwhelming guilt he feels which causes him to hear the beating of the dead man’s heart. However, as a psychopath, the narrator is incapable of feeling guilt. I will demonstrate that it is not hatred toward what is outside of the self that drove the narrator to murder and confession but the hatred and the immense fear of the insane side of himself that drove him to such irrational actions. After the burying the corpse beneath the floorboards, the narrator, being proud of his work, states that â€Å"no human eye – not even his – could have detected anything wrong.† To the narrator, the old man is able to see beyond what the average person can see. One might assume that it was the fear of the eye’s judgement that caused the narrator to resort to murder. Although this is true, a stronger motivation was the fear of his own insanity. The fact that he feared the eye made him see the irrational side of himself. In refusal to acknowledge his mental disorder, the narrator gives an alternative name to his paranoia, characterized by an oversensitivity to sound: â€Å"nervousness.† The phrase â€Å"I have nothing to fear† right after the murder as well as in the presence of the police is repeated because he’s trying to convince... ... but the torment of being labelled insane. The eventual anxiety attack, characterized by irrational behaviour such speaking frequently, and later foaming, raving, swearing and violent actions towards his chair, which is, ironically, the typical behaviour of the insane. Works Cited Haycock, Dean. â€Å"Hare Psychopathy Checklist.† Healthonline. 2003. http://www.healthline.com/galecontent/hare-psychopathy-checklist/3 Jerga, Josh. â€Å"Accused Chainsaw Murderer Had 'Shark' Eyes.† News.smh. 11/15/2010. http://news.smh.com.au/breaking-news-national/accused-chainsaw-murderer-had-shark -eyes-20101115-17u4c.html. Merriam-Webster. 2010. http://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/antisocial%20personality%20disorder Poe, Edgar Allan. â€Å"The Tell Tale Heart.† The Norton Anthology of American Literature. 7th ed. vol. B. Ed. Baym, Nina. New York: Norton, 2007. Print.

History of English Literature :: Literature Language Plays Essays

History of English Literature I. INTRODUCTION English literature, literature written in English since c.1450 by the inhabitants of the British Isles; it was during the 15th cent. that the English language acquired much of its modern form. II. The Tudors and the Elizabethan Age The beginning of the Tudor dynasty coincided with the first dissemination of printed matter. William Caxton's press was established in 1476, only nine years before the beginning of Henry VII's reign. Caxton's achievement encouraged writing of all kinds and also influenced the standardization of the English language. The early Tudor period, particularly the reign of Henry VIII, was marked by a break with the Roman Catholic Church and a weakening of feudal ties, which brought about a vast increase in the power of the monarchy. Stronger political relationships with the Continent were also developed, increasing England's exposure to Renaissance culture. Humanism became the most important force in English literary and intellectual life, both in its narrow sense—the study and imitation of the Latin classics—and in its broad sense—the affirmation of the secular, in addition to the otherworldly, concerns of people. These forces produced during the reign (1558–1603) of Elizabeth I one of the most fruitful eras in literary history. The energy of England's writers matched that of its mariners and merchants. Accounts by men such as Richard Hakluyt, Samuel Purchas, and Sir Walter Raleigh were eagerly read. The activities and literature of the Elizabethans reflected a new nationalism, which expressed itself also in the works of chroniclers (John Stow, Raphael Holinshed, and others), historians, and translators and even in political and religious tracts. A myriad of new genres, themes, and ideas were incorporated into English literature. Italian poetic forms, especially the sonnet, became models for English poets. Sir Thomas Wyatt was the most successful sonneteer among early Tudor poets, and was, with Henry Howard, earl of Surrey, a seminal influence. Tottel's Miscellany (1557) was the first and most popular of many collections of experimental poetry by different, often anonymous, hands. A common goal of these poets was to make English as flexible a poetic instrument as Italian. Among the more prominent of this group were Thomas Churchyard, George Gascoigne, and Edward de Vere, earl of Oxford. An ambitious and influential work was A Mirror for Magistrates (1559), a historical verse narrative by several poets that updated the medieval view of history and the morals to be drawn from it. The poet who best synthesized the ideas and tendencies of the English Renaissance was Edmund Spenser.

Post Modernist/Complexity Science Strategy

?There could be several conflicts that arise when working on a program to develop a new program for the hospital when adapting the program from the post modernist/complexity science strategy. Working with several different representatives from different aspects of the hospital, there will be different ideas, visualizations and outcomes for each group. The post modernist/complexity science strategy â€Å"focuses on the importance of connections and interdependencies for creating emergent order in networked systems†.When working with different populations of people, (in this case, the medical director, the chief of staff, and the medical staff) their focus and attention may be on different aspects of the new program. This could cause a problem for connections and relationships to develop and work efficiently. One group of people could be focused on the development of a nutritional program where as another group may be more focused on the medical aspect.All these representatives need to listen and compromise to be able to proficiently come up with a new program for the hospital. Without good connections and interdependencies to create order, this would be a very hard task. Second, when developing a new plan, each representative needs to understand that there will be change. The world is always changing and at any given time, one age demographic may need more services than others.If this new program was being developed today, this group of people would need to make sure that they took into account the large number of people who will be age 65 and older, and the explosion this population will continue to see for several more years. The post modernist/complexity science strategy states that â€Å"the search for equilibrium, a balance, a stable state, is futile†. The developers of the new program would need to make sure there is room for change within the new program.They would need to be able to understand that what people’s needs are for today w ill be the same for them tomorrow, or in 5 years. There must be flexibility, their ideas and the program must be built for flexibility. Both the post modernist/complexity science strategies do not â€Å"accept(s) the world as is; rather, both believe in the transformative power of events and ideas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . If all parties involved do not follow these same ways of thinking, it could be very hard for a team to develop a new program that would thrive in the current times and the future. James, J. (2009). Post Modernist/Complexity Science Strategy There could be several conflicts that arise when working on a program to develop a new program for the hospital when adapting the program from the post modernist/complexity science strategy. Working with several different representatives from different aspects of the hospital, there will be different ideas, visualizations and outcomes for each group. The post modernist/complexity science strategy â€Å"focuses on the importance of connections and interdependencies for creating emergent order in networked systems†.When working with different populations of people, (in this case, the medical director, the chief of staff, and the medical staff) their focus and attention may be on different aspects of the new program. This could cause a problem for connections and relationships to develop and work efficiently. One group of people could be focused on the development of a nutritional program where as another group may be more focused on the medical aspect. All these representatives need to listen and compromise to be able to proficiently come up with a new program for the hospital.Without good connections and interdependencies to create order, this would be a very hard task. Second, when developing a new plan, each representative needs to understand that there will be change. The world is always changing and at any given time, one age demographic may need more services than others. If this new program was being developed today, this group of people would need to make sure that they took into account the large number of people who will be age 65 and older, and the explosion this population will continue to see for several more years.The post modernist/complexity science strategy states that â€Å"the search for equilibrium, a balance, a stable state, is futile†. The developers of the new program would need to make sure there is room for change within the new program. They would need to be able to understand that what people’s needs are for today w ill be the same for them tomorrow, or in 5 years. There must be flexibility, their ideas and the program must be built for flexibility.Both the post modernist/complexity science strategies do not â€Å"accept(s) the world as is; rather, both believe in the transformative power of events and ideas†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . If all parties involved do not follow these same ways of thinking, it could be very hard for a team to develop a new program that would thrive in the current times and the future. James, J. (2009). Health Organizations Theory, Behavior, and Development. Saudbery: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.