Computer Is Derived From The Latin Term Computer Science Essay

electronic calculator Is Derived From The Latin Term calculating machine Science EssayThe word Computer is derived from the Latin term computargon which means to calculate. THAKUR electronic reck iodiner is an electronic winding that is designed to work with development. A computer is electronic device that does not do both work by itself but works under the education given over by go forr. A computer is the combination of ironw be and parcel. A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information or data provided by user and process them which derriere be stored, retrieved at the fourth dimension of necessity. (GCF LearnFree.org, 2013) ruggedw ar is the sensual comp geniusnt that can be pointed, be it a digital watch, calculator, cellular phone, laptop, background signal computer or any other item that can hold intangible information (Starr, 2013). It is the mapping of computer that actually does the work according to the instructions provided to them. Moreover, it provides platform for softw are to operate on it. badlyware is a comprehensive term for all the physical separate of the computer, as distinguished from the data it contains or operates on (O drop a line Projects, 2013). trope1.1 Intel D975XBX Motherboard (Apoptosis, 2005)Simpson (n.d.) defines computer software package as a general term for information thats reputationed onto some mixture of medium. software system refers to programs or applications that need to be installed into a computer or computer hardware in state to manage certain designates. It is a mold of codes that gives instructions to the hardware. In other term software is a set of programs, procedures, algorithms and its documentation concerned with the operation of a data process organization.Fig1.2 Computer parcelComputer cannot operate or perform any task by its own will it needs person to perform any task. That someone is called user of the computer. Thus we can concluded like thisCompu ter organization = Hardware + Software + Usertrade union movement 1 Identify major role of computer placement in imprecate. (1.1) (P1)Duhaime.org (2013) defines depose as a corporation em military social united to deal with cash, domestic and foreign, and to receive the bushels of currency and to loan those monies to third-parties. A bank is a financial organization where people can deposit their currency for safety, withdraw money and take loan to start a sore project. In 1899, the United States dogmatic Court defines bank as an institution, usually incorporated with index number to issue its promissory notes intended to go around as money or to receive the money of others on general deposit, to form a fit fund that shall be utilize by the institution, for its own benefit, for one or much of the purposes of making flying loans and discounts of dealing in notes, foreign and domestic bill or exchange, coin, bullion, credits, and the remission of money or with both thes e powers and with the privileges in addition to these basic powers of receiving special deposits and making appeals for the holders of negotiable paper, if the institutions sees fit to engage in much(prenominal) business.(duhaime.org, 2013)As bank involved in monitory transactions of everyday to the public security of public property is essential part of banking. Richardson (2013) says computer care bank personnel operate more expeditiously and effectively and help to track transactions, help process other guest information as considerably. In fact computer saves time and money which aid to generate profits to the banks. affirming would be dangerous knit to work in without computers, people would go to the bank carrying large sum of money and leave the bound on next day just to finish counting the money manually but computers take a crap made it possible that one can plainly walk to the ATM and withdraw the money without necessarily waiting in a long cue to get served by the teller, getting around lymph nodes enlarge is far much more improved than before. The major roles of computer organization in banking firmament are guest InformationProductsReports and ProfitsTransactions a nd GoalsCredit ApplicationsDelinquencyMiscellaneousCustomer InformationThe most important component of bank is to keep its customer information safely. These information is used to stay in touch with customers and notify them of any changes in bank policy. Computer stores all the information of customer which can be used in unlike banking functions such as Customers account frame provides bank employees the ability to access customer information efficiently (Richardson, 2013)ProductsThe number of products and assistances provided or taken by a customer is also stored in computers. Bank personnel periodically offer in the raw products and services to its customers. Without the use of computers, it would be difficult to keep track of this information (Richardson, 2013)R eports and ProfitsWith the help of computer, banks can analyse aging reports and track the customers who consider had checks returned due to nonsufficient funds. This report can be used by the sales associates to call these customers and offer them a product called overdraft protection, which prevents a customer from over drafting their account. Computers help bank personnel generate in keep an eye on by targeting certain customers for sales activity (Richardson, 2013).Transactions and GoalsRichardson (2013) computer helps bank personnel to keep a record of all transactions for the day which can be summarized at the end of the month or year. When customers make deposits and withdrawals, cash checks, open checking accounts or apply for mortgage loans, a computer stores and track all the information. After tabulating all the information branch manager or guide on of bank can see if the branch hits its goals and objectives.Credit ApplicationsA bank can use computers for new loan appl ications and credit card applications Chex remainss verification and opening new accounts such as checking, saving or certificate of deposit accounts (Richardson, 2013).DelinquencyComputers can be used to track customers who are delinquent on their loan and credit card payments. Computers can generate separate reports for customers according to age and can abut the customer for resolution, which helps keep delinquency under control.MiscellaneousComputer can keep a record of all communications that a bank employee whitethorn have with a bank customer including collection activity. A bank can also use a computer to see which safety deposit boxes are available and they can keep a record of customers who have safety deposit boxes.Task 2 Discuss and compare the different types of computer bodys available in the market and recommend types of computers and softwares relevant for above environment and justify your recommendation. (1.3)(D1) origin Dictionary (2013) defines computer system as interconnected computers that bundle a central reposition system and various circumferential devices such as a soft touchers, scanners, or routers each can operate independently but has the ability to communicate with other external devices and computers. A computer system is contemporary usage refers to a desktop system including computer itself along with peripheral devices such as CPU, monitor, speaker, keyboard, mouse, Wi-Fi adapter, Bluetooth adapter, modem, printer, scanner and so onComputer systems can be categorized according to their processing speed and power.Computer dodgeMicrocomputer Minicomputer Mainframe SupercomputerNotebook put offt PCLaptop Netbooks background knowledge Handheld DevicesMinitowerFull towerFig 2.1 Types of computer system on the basis of speed and powerComputer system also can be categorised according to work it has to perform.Computer dustEntry Level Business Class Gaming establishment Workstations and waitersFig 2.2 Types of computer system on the basis of work.2.1 Types of computer system on the basis of speed and powerComputers can be categorize based on their principles of operation or on their configuration. Configuration means their size of it, speed of doing computation and storage capacity (Computer Basics for beginners, 2013). On the basis of configuration computer can be buildified as follows2.1.1 MicrocomputerAccording to Wong (n.d.) a microcomputer is a computer that can perform all of its input, process, turnout and storage activities by itself. These are ordinarily called as personal computers. Microcomputer can be elevate divided into different types based on the size of CPU and major and minor components.NotebookA notebook computer is a bombing or AC powered personal computer broadly smaller than a briefcase that can be soft transported and conveniently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes, in libraries, temporary offices, and at meetings (Rouse, 2007). Notebook computer is a smal l ready computer, which usually weighs 2-18 pounds depending on size, materials used to make it.LaptopA laptop computer is a battery or AC powered personal computer generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be transported and conveniently used in temporary spaces such as airplanes, in libraries etc (Rouse, 2007). It typically weighs slight than 5 pounds and is 3 inch or less in thickness. It is more expensive than desktop computers and has uniform capabilities as of desktops.DesktopDesktop computers are the most popular computer systems because these are easy to use and more affordable. These are also known as personal computers or PC. This computer can be placed on flat smooth table for convenience and comfort when in use (Rastogi, 2009).Fig 2.2 Commodore Amiga 1000 desktop. (Obsolete engine room website, 2012)MinitowerThese are recent modification on the system unit whereby the system unit is made to stand erect on its own and placed beside the monitor unlike desktop whicl lies flan on tables and monitors placed on it.Fig 2.3 HP Pavilion XT978 mini-tower computer( Sushi, 2013)Full towerThese computers are closely link up to the mini tower except that they are a bit mettlesomeer and wider in physical size than the mini tower.Fig 2.4 Full tower PC (BuildIT, 2010)2.1.2 MinicomputerMini computers are lower to mainframe computers in terms of speed and storage capacity. They are also less expensive than mainframe computers. Typically minicomputers have been stand-alone computers sold to small and mid-size businesses for general business application and to large enterprises for department-level operations (Rouse, 2005). It is further subdivided intoTable PCA tablet allows users to compute without the added bulk of a keyboard and mouse. These are similar to PDAs and have touch covering fires but they are big and contain more operating power and storage (Ilyas, 2013). It generally has pen like stylus and accept handwritten input directly on the scree n. They have keyboard on the screen through which input can be provided.NetbooksNetbooks are then newest form of minicomputer. They run on OS and can perform all tasks that a laptop computer perform. Most of the netbooks lacks optical drive, Bluetooth, PC tease however external optical derive can be connected via the USB port (Ilyas, 2013).Handheld devicesThese are also known as Personal digital assistants (PDAs), which are small enough to fit substantially in the users hand or pocket. They can easily communicate with other computers including desktop, by cables and wireless technology (Ilyas, 2013).2.1.3 Mainframe computerMainframe computer can process data at very high speeds i.e. hundreds of million instructions per second and they are also quite expensive (Computer basics for beginners, 2009). These are larger than micro and minicomputer in term of size and libertineer in term of data processing speed. It uses its power to execute many programs concurrently and in some ways they are more powerful than super computer because of they support simultaneous programs (Gandon, n.d.)2.1.4 Super computerSupercomputer is a broad term for one of the straightaway computers currently available. These are very expensive and most power computer and are employed for vary applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations. It channels all its power to execute few programs as fast as possible (Gandon, n.d.). It can process billions of instructions per second and are used where intensive numeral computations such as stock analysis, weather forecasting are to be done.2.2 Types of computer system on the basis of workWith the rise in computer technology, computer is being used in different purpose nowadays.On the basis of work or task that computer should perform or delegate to do computer system extremely vary. A simple desktop computer system may not efficient for gaming purpose or vice versa. On the basis of work computer can be classified into.2. 2.1 Entry Level computerEntry level computer system is the most common systems for home and general use. This system is powerful enough to perform basic task like to run office package, simple photo edition or watching movies or surfboarding Internet (White, 2005).System Requirement for Entry Level Computer SystemComputer ProcessorIntel Pentium IV or Celeron test at 2GHz or better, or AMD Athlon, Duron or Semphon travel rapidly at 1.5 GHz or better.System fund ( swot)256 MB of DDR RAM or better.Hard Disk Storage40 GB or high.Optical Storage.CDRW/DVDRWMonitorcathode-ray tubeUSB Ports2.0 standard at least 4 ports.VideoAt least 32 Mb-often uses system memoryAudioShould be included along with speakersNetwork organiserShould be included (for Internet)Table 2.1 System Requirement for entry level computer system. (White, 2005)2.2.2 Business class computerBusiness class computer system is common in business such as Departmental Store, Banking field and Governmental Organizations etc. It is slightly more powerful than Entry level computer system because of its high hardware configurations.System Requirement for Business class Computer SystemComputer ProcessorIntel Pentium IV or Celeron running at 2GHz or better, or AMD Athlon, Duron or Semphon running at 1.5 GHz or better.System Memory (RAM)512 MB of error correcting code (ECC) DDR RAM or better.Hard Disk Storage40 Gb or higher.Optical Storage.CDRW/DVDRWMonitorCRTUSB Ports2.0 standard at least 4 ports.VideoAt least 32 Mb-often uses system memoryAudioShould be included along with speakersNetwork adapterShould be included (for Internet)Table 2.1 System Requirement for Business class computer system (White, 2005)2.2.3 Gaming computerUnlike Entry level computer system and Business class computer system these are especially built for Gaming purpose. These computer system are highly hardware configured to match any gaming software requirements like NFS, Delta Force, Dota, CS(Counter Strike) etc.System Requirement for Gaming Computer SystemComputer ProcessorIntel Pentium IV or Celeron running at 3GHz or better, or AMD Athlon, Duron or Semphon running at 2.2 GHz or better.System Memory (RAM)2GB of DDR RAM or better.Hard Disk Storage520 Gb or higher.Optical Storage.CDRW/DVDRWMonitor17 incd liquid crystal displayUSB Ports2.0 standard at least 4 ports.VideoAt least 128 MB DDR RAM video adapter with Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and heat sinkAudio5.1 DolbyNetwork AdapterShould be included (for Internet)Table 2.3 System Requirement for Gaming Computer System (White, 2005)2.2.4 Workstation and horde.Workstation and master of ceremoniess are specially designed to store important data and information at single computer so that every concerned people can access them when needed. The number of guests that access emcee or Workstation at a time depends upon the purpose it is kept for. For e.g. a multinational company like Nokia may have higher Workstation hardware configuration than that of local banking system.System Requirement for Workstations and bonifaces Computer SystemComputer ProcessorIntel Pentium 4, Intel Xenon, AMD64, AMD64FX, AMD Opteron. System may support aggregate processorsSystem Memory (RAM)256 MB to 8 GB of DDR RAM or better.Hard Disk Storage1TBOptical Storage.Task SpecificMonitor17 inch CRTUSB Ports2.0 standard at least 6 ports.VideoTask preciseAudioTask specificNetwork AdapterHigh end Network AdapterTable 2.4 System requirement for Workstations and innkeepers. (White, 2005)2.3 SoftwareComputer Hope (2013) defines software as a collection of instructions that enables a user to interact with the computer or have the computer perform specific tasks for them. Software is non-tangible part of computer which is set of collection of codes and instructions to be executed according to the user choice to communicate with computer and perform users desired task when necessary. Software provides life to the computer without it computer would have been useless machine fo r us.2.3.1 Types of SoftwareDifferent types of computer software are available in the global market which is used to simplify the operations and applications of computer programs. Computer software enables the computer system to perform in accordance with the given task.Computer SoftwareSystem Software Programming software Application Software operate System Malware AdwareUser interface service program ProgramsDriversFig 2.5 Types of computer software.2.3.1.1 System SoftwareSystem software is that software which gives life to the computer hardware such as operating system. These are the primary software which is to be installed before any other software could be installed. These are of interest typesOperating SystemAn Operating System (OS) is a software program or set of programs that mediate access between physical devices and application programs e.g Unix, Windows XP etc. An Operating System is a computer program that manages the resources of a computer (Balton, 2013)Characterist ics of OS (Hitachi ID Systems Inc, 2013)Whether multiple programs can run on it simultaneously Multi-taskingWhether it can take advantage of multiple processors multi-processingWhether multiple users can run programs on it simultaneously multi-userWhether it can reliably prevent application programs from directly accessing hardware devices protectedWhether it has built-in support for graphics.Whether it has built-in support for networks.User interface (UI)User interface simply means by which user and computer system interact by use of input devices and software. UI refers to the parts of a computer and its software that user sees, hear, touch or talk to which allow user and computer to communicate with each other (IBM, 2013)Utility ProgramsUtility programs are those programs which carry out routine functions. Utility programs are designed to do one or perhaps two task very well and nothing else (Teach-ICT, 2013). Some of the well-known utility programs of Windows Operating system ar e Disk Cleanup, Disk Defragmenter, charge compressor etc. Utility programs help in maintaining system in well condition.DriversDriver software are very small programs that tells the computer how is should communicate with a connected peripheral devices. For Windows users, in most cases, drivers come with Windows or can be found by going to Windows Update in Control add-in and checking for updates (Microsoft, 2013). For e.g. user has to install printer driver software if he has to use printer for printing purpose, alike(p) is the case for scanner and in some cases even for speakers.2.3.1.2 Programming softwareThis is one of the most comm besides known and popularly used types of computer software by programmers. These software include text editors, compiling programs, debuggers and interpreters compiler translate source code written in a programming language (C, C++, C, Java, .NET etc) into the language which a computer understands (mostly binary form), compilers generate objects which are combine and converted into executable programs through linkers, debuggers check code for bugs and debug it and finally interpreters execute programs (Oak, 2013)2.3.1.3 MalwareMalware refers to any malicious software (Spyware, Viruses, Worms, Trojan horses, scareware) and is a broader category of software that are a threat to computer security (Oak, 2013). These are self-replicating software which transfers from one computer to another without the knowledge of user or by user actions through plug and form devices (Flash drives). Malware are specially designed by hackers to get important information from victim without the knowledge of victim or just to destroy victims data.2.3.1.4 Application softwareThese are the most popular form of software among general users. It enables the end users to accomplish certain specific tasks (Oak, 2013). Some of the well-known application software are Microsoft office, Adobe Photoshop, MP3/video player etc. It process data for the user. S cience reference (2008) defines application software as subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user wishes to perform.2.3.1.5 AdwareAdware is web-based computer software with the means of which advertisements are played and downloaded to a computer (Oak, 2013). This are specially designed by programmers for companies to generate revenue by extracting user information like the websites he visits frequently and the pages he likes. For e.g Adware is more popular in YouTube videos where ads are displayed on the sides of playing video.Beside the mentioned software types, software also can be categorise according to their licensing. Types of software according to their licensing (Oak, 2013) are listed belowCustom softwareOff-the-shelf softwareFree SoftwareOpen Source softwareClosed Source softwareProprietary SoftwareShareware and Retail SoftwareOriginal Equipment Manufacturer Software( Albarracin, 2008)Crippleware( Albarracin, 2008)Demo Software( Albarracin, 2008)Public Domain Software( Albarracin, 2008)2.4 Computer System for Banking SectorBank is the financial institution which deals with money. Duhaime.org (2013) in 1992 Justice Atkin wrote The bank undertakes to receive money and to collect bills for its customers account. The offspring so received are not to be held in trust for the customer, but the bank borrows the slide by and undertakes to repay them. The agreement to repay is to repay at the branch of the bank where the account is kept, and during banking hours. It includes a promise to repay any part of the amount due against the written order of the customer addressed to the bank at the branch. Bankers never do make a payment to a customer in respect of a current account except upon demand. Since bank deals with monetary transaction everyday customer information, flow of money, transaction information all should be updated regularly and should be secured. For this I recommend following com puter system.Hardware Requirement for Banking System ComputerClient ComputerComputer Processor (CPU)Intel Pentium 4 running at 2 GHz or higher.System memory (RAM)2GB of DDR RAM or higher.Hard Disk Storage520 GBOptical StorageTask specific.Monitor17 inch LCD or LED.USB ports2.0 standard at least 4 ports.AudioTask specific.Network Adaptermoldiness include with Hi-speed InternetServer ComputerComputer Processor (CPU)Intel Pentium 4 Quad Duo running at least at 2 GHz or fasterSystem memory (RAM)8 GB of DDR RAM or higher.Hard Disk Storage1 TB at least with 150 GB of database space.Optical StorageDVD RWMonitorSuper VGA (800 x 600) or higher resolutionUSB prots2.0 standard at least 6 ports.AudioNot recommendedNetwork Adapter must include with Hi-speed InternetTable 2.5 Hardware Requirement for Banking Client-Server Computer SystemSoftware Requirement for Banking SystemClient ComputerOperating System SoftwareAt least Windows XP sp3 or Windows 7 or Windows Vista.Bitdefender Antivirus plus An tivirus or any other popular antivirusApplication SoftwareMicrosoft Office Package 2007, retard and other software according to task specific.Database SoftwareSql Server mouth or illusionist ExpressServer ComputerOperating SystemAt least Windows Server 2003, Recommended Windows Server 2008 or windows server later version or Linux Server OSDatabase softwareSql Server Express or Oracle ExpressTable 2.6 Software Requirement for Banking Client-Server Computer System2.4.1 ClientA knob is a piece of computer hardware or software that accesses a service mad available by a server. According to Brain (2011) the machines that are used to connect to server (service providers) are clients. A client is a part of Client/Server Computing who sends predication for some service among various service provided by server for its functioning. A client uses small portion of service provided by server. A client can insert, update, delete or search data stored in server database according to need. The client beseech a service to be performed, service might be to run an application, query a database, print a document, or even perform a backup or recovery procedure (Scomptec, 2005)In banking sector a client may be Cashier, Accountant, CEO, Manger, Branch Head etc. and each one of them may seek different service at the time and service is provided by server. Even though the job of these employee in bank varies with each other they all need almost same hardware and software system configuration computer for their job with some extra peripherals for some staffs. All client computer should have minimum above software and hardware configuration for fast, safe and proper banking functioning.2.4.2 ServerA server is a computer hardware system dedicated to run one or more services to serve the needs of the users of other computers on a network. In client/server model, sometimes server is also called as daemon (Rouse, 2008). Server once activated waits for client request and once request i s done by client it provides services requested by client. A server might provide multiple services for same client like HTTP, FTP etc or only one service at a time like either HTTP or FTP.In banking sector a server computer might be one of the Personal computers of CEO or any other staff or bank may install one separate computer for server purpose. As number of client depends upon the size of organization the hardware requirement may vary with subatomic exceptions. For e.g the number of client of Nabil Bank may is more less than that of client of Standard Chartered Bank so it is more likely that server of Nabil Bank is less powerful than that of Standard Chartered Bank. Server computer is installed in accordance with the number of possible clients at the time. In overall, for all bank a server computer with above hardware and software configuration is sufficient.Task 3 Draw and justify basic block diagram of computer system with its all hardware software components. (1.2)(M2)